John Y. Walz, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA and Jason C. Baird, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Addition of silica nanoparticles and salt to an aqueous suspension of kaolinite particles can cause a rapid transition to a gel. SEM micrographs indicate that the structure of the gel consists of the disk-like kaolinite particles arranged in edge-to-face contacts, forming a porous honeycomb structure. The gel also shows a remarkable ability to rejuvenate after breakage by shear. Although the exact mechanism responsible for this gellation is not known, it is hypothesised that the nanoparticles first completely cover surfaces of the clay particles. Upon addition of sufficient amounts of electrolyte, the electrostatic repulsion between silica particles on opposing kaolinite surfaces is screened enough that a van der Waals bond can form. Random Brownian motion of the clay particles would create the edge-to-face arrangement. In addition, because of the relatively large size of the clay platelets (several microns), this structure could be easily broken by shear. This ability to rejuvenate is completely different from the behavior of gels formed from silica nanoparticles only.