Renata Vyhnalkova, Adi Eisenberg, and Theo van de Ven. McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
The present work is devoted to the study of micelles of PS197-b-PAA47 loaded with thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole (TCMTB) biocide in bacteria deactivation. Loaded micelles are exposed to the bacteria and their deactivation is evaluated. Crew-cut micelles of PS197-b-PAA47 are prepared in dioxane by slow water addition. The micelles size is 25 nm by TEM and 50 nm by DLS. The micelles are loaded afterwards with the hydrophobic antibacterial agent – TCMTB. The efficiency of micelle loading is measured by the UV-vis technique. Maximum loading of biocide in micelles is around 30 wt%. We show that loading is a three step process: (i) uptake of dissolved molecules, (ii) transfer of molecules from the solid to the micelles during transient collisions and (iii) plastization of the core, resulting in a penetrating front that moves inward with a constant velocity. Steps (ii) and (iii) are the most important. Thus loading does not proceed by regular diffusion as is usually assumed. Instead the rate determining step (step (iii)) is an example of Non-Fickian (case II) diffusion, taking place within the 25 nm core of the particles. The penetrating front velocity has been determined and for our system found to be 0.2 nm/min. The presence of biocide lowers the Tg of the styrene core; the removal of the biocide affects the rate of release by raising the Tg. Release of biocide takes longer than its loading, the rate of release is governed by the slow release of biocide from the micelle surface. SEM shows that some micelles adsorb on the surface of the bacteria; also, distinct differences are seen between bacteria treated with empty micelles and those treated with biocide-loaded micelles. Deactivation of the bacteria by TCMTB biocide is studied by exposing E.coli ATCC 11229 bacteria to the loaded micelles. The deactivation is measured using a UV-vis technique. The absorbance of bacteria deactivated by loaded micelles is compared to the absorbance of bacteria in water and to those exposed to solutions containing empty micelles. It was found that E. coli bacteria do not grow with time in the presence of TCMTB loaded micelles; they are deactivated. Empty micelles of PS197-b-PAA47 do not affect the growth of the E.coli bacteria; the bacteria behave similarly to those exposed to food-water solution.