Devices and systems based on the autonomous motion of nanoscale objects in a fluid enviroment have tremendous potential but are still in the very early stages of development. Catalytic reduction of a soluble fuel (such as hydrogen peroxide) has been demonstrated to induce motion of micro- and nanoscale objects across several length scales. In all cases, the motile structures were asymmetric, leading to differential activity on one side compared to the other. However, the mechanism of the induced motion remains unresolved. One simple strategy to prepare a broken symmetry system that will undergo self-propelled movement is through the use of “Janus” particles. In this work, we have developed a chemically-powered asymmetric system of catalytic Janus particles derived from silica microspheres capped with two metals. Metals that have been used include gold, platinum and nickel. Fig 1 illustrates the SEM image of bimetallic Janus particles, in this case, composed of platinum and gold as verified by EDX. Also note the uncoated equatorial region, allowing access to the silica. When placed in a solution of a chemical fuel, these particles undergo driven motion, which can be observed by tracking the motion of the particles with respect to time. Based on the trajectories of these Janus particles in water (as control) and varying solution concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, the dynamics of the micromechanical system clearly differentiate the driven motion from characteristic Brownian motion and provides insight into the mechanism of motion. Our preliminary data show that the average velocity of the Janus particles is directly proportional to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The direction of motion is expected to be a combination of translational and rotational diffusion. The three-dimensional orientation of the particles is determined through fluorescence microscopy imaging by selectively functionalizing selected regions of the Janus particles with CdSe quantum dots. The presence of magnetic metals on the Janus particle allows for influence of direction and orientation of the particle, and we will present results demonstrating such control. Through variation of the experimental conditions and observations of differences in rotational and lateral diffusion, both with and without magnetic interactions, the mechanism of motion may be addressed. We will also address potential developments for controlled motion of these materials.
