Anne E. Marteel-Parrish, Danielle Harlan, Jonathan Martin, Samantha DeCarlo, and Heather Sheridan. Washington College, Chestertown, MD
Barium titanate (BaTiO3), barium zirconate (BaZrO3), barium hafnate (BaHfO3), and barium stannate (BaSnO3), are all essential components of the electroceramic industry. Barium titanate is the most well known member of the perovskite family primarily used for multi-layered ceramic capacitors in computers, aerospace, and communication technologies. Barium zirconate is one of the most inert, stable, and corrosion-resistant perovskite employed in superconducting applications. Hafnium-based oxides are currently leading candidates to replace silicon oxide as a gate insulator in field effect transistors. Barium stannate is mostly used as a sensor material. The first goal of this research was to apply a more efficient and environmentally benign synthesis design to the production of barium-based perovskites. The catecholate method, which was originally applied to the synthesis of barium titanate, was used as the approach for the synthesis of barium zirconate, hafnate, and stannate. This method consumes naturally occurring and less toxic precursors, smaller quantities of solvents, and results in the absence of by-products while achieving stoichiometric control over the barium-to-X (X= Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn) molar ratio. The second goal of this research was to develop a greener alternative to the doping of barium titanate. For barium titanate to be used as a capacitor, a high dielectric constant is needed at room temperature which is achieved through doping. The barium source was barium titanyl catecholate trihydrate (Ba[Ti(cat)3]•3H2O) and the doping sources were strontium oxalate (SrC2O4) and strontium carbonate (SrCO3). The two doping strategies were a microwave- and a centrifuge-assisted method which used water as a solvent. These methods allowed thermodynamic control over barium-to-strontium molar stoichiometric ratios. X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma were used to analyze all final powders. The doping strategies, characterization data, and outcomes are detailed in this presentation.