Paul Vogt1, Michael Lefenfeld1, and Partha Nandi2. (1) SiGNa Chemistry, Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ, (2) Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
With an affinity for donating electrons, alkali metals have enormous potential for speeding chemical reactions throughout science and industry - driving efficiencies in conventional industrial processes and enabling new pathways to clean energy and environmental remediation. However, that same high reactivity makes alkali metals unstable and dangerous to store and handle. Consequently, the metals have been largely dismissed by a generations' worth of applied chemists and avoided by industrial end users. SiGNa Chemistry, Inc. has discovered and developed a proprietary method for encapsulating alkali metals in nano-scale porous metal oxides. The resulting sand-like powders are stable at room temperature and take a significant amount of the danger and associated costs out of using reactive metals. More importantly, the SiGNa materials retain the chemical utility associated with the parent metal. This presentation will highlight SiGNa's green chemistry technology and how these novel materials drive fast and efficient reactions for a range of chemical processes, specifically Birch reductions. The Birch reduction is a one-election reduction of aromatic rings with alkali metals (Li, Na, K) dissolved in liquid ammonia. Birch reductions are generally avoided for scale-up due to the complexities of the large-scale process and the hazards associated with the use of the metal and liquid ammonia on scale. A Birch reduction performed using SiGNa material removes the environmental and occupational hazards of alkali metals and does not require liquid ammonia or cryogenic temperatures. The SiGNa method improves yields, shortens reaction times, and simplifies workup procedures. Overall this presentation will demonstrate how SiGNa Chemistry has converted alkali metals from lab hazard to an essential component of industry's new green chemistry toolkit.