Cooling water touches many facets of human life, including cooling for comfort in commercial buildings and cooling industrial processes. Cooling systems require added chemicals to control microbial growth, mineral deposits, and corrosion. Nalco developed 3D TRASAR® technology to monitor the condition of cooling water continuously and add appropriate chemicals only when needed, rather than on a fixed schedule. The technique saves water and energy, minimizes the use of water-treatment chemicals, and decreases environmental damage from discharged water.