Robert A. Weiss, Elise L. Kamieneski, Padma Vemuri, and Shlomo Mandelbaum. University of Connecticut, Storrs Mansfield, CT
Shape memory elastomers were prepared from mixtures of a sulfonated EPDM ionomer and fatty acids (FA) or fatty acid salts, such as decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, Zn-stearate and Zn-oleate. Physical crosslinks in the ionomer that arise from interchain ionic interactions provide a primary shape, while the crystalline low molecular weight FA (salt) provides the means for a temporary shape. That is, the material can be deformed above the melting point of the FA (salt) and the new shape fixed by cooling the material under stress to below Tm of the FA (salt). Polar interactions between the ionomer and the FA (salt) stabilize the dispersion of the FA (salt) in the polymer and provide the continuity between the phases that allows the crystals of the FA (salt) to provide a second network of physical crosslinks. We will discuss the structure and properties of these materials. A key advantage of these materials compared to other shape memory polymers is that the choice of the FA (salt) dictates the “triggering temperature”, i.e., the temperature associated with the order-disorder transition of the temporary network. Thus, a single polymer can be used in a variety of applications requiring different triggering temperatures by simply adding a different FA (salt). The FA (salts) also improve the modulus and strength of the ionomer at temperatures below Tm. As a consequence the stiffness of the material can be controlled by the choice of the EPDM and the FA used.
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