Tuesday, 17 October 2006
Salon D-E (Doubletree Hotel at Reid Park)
341

The determination of trace gas fluxes of southwestern soils

Joshua L. Chavez, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM

Fluxes of over 60 nonmethane hydrocarbons, halocarbons and organic sulfur compounds were sampled using environmentally controlled static flux chambers. Concentrations were determined using a gas chromatographic based system employing two independently temperature programmed gas chromatographs and three capillary columns. Nonmethane hydrocarbons were quantified using two different capillary columns each coupled to a flame ionization detector (FID). Halocarbons and carbonyl sulfide (OCS) were measured using an electron capture detector (ECD). Significant fluxes of many of these compounds were observed. For example, OCS was found to be produced in soils with significant organic matter. Carbonyl sulfide is the most important source of sulfur to the stratosphere during times when volcanic sulfur input is at a minimum. Sulfur is the source of polar stratospheric clouds which return reservoir species of chlorine to their active forms. Therefore, without OCS there would be negligible amounts of ozone lost. Methyl chloride (CH3Cl) emissions were significant, especially after precipitation events. This ozone depleting substance contributes approximately 1/6 of the organic chlorine to the stratosphere, yet most of its sources are unknown but are of natural origin. Emissions of propene behave similarly having greater emissions after showers. Eighty to 90 percent of all nonmethane hydrocarbons are produced biogenically, but the individual sources are not well characterized. Propene like other hydrocarbons is an important oxidative component of the troposphere.

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