Ashley Lawhon and Julia Brumaghim. Clemson, Knoxville, TN
Iron is an essential metal, used in many physiological functions including oxygen transport in hemoglobin and in iron-sulfur clusters used by electron-transfer proteins. Maintaining iron homeostasis is important in cells, since unbalanced iron levels lead to disease and cellular damage. Patients with beta-thealassemia require regular blood transfusions and consequently suffer from iron overload that leads to organ damage in the heart and liver. To treat this iron overload, researchers have focused on removing iron from transferrin, the iron transport protein in blood. We have developed a laboratory experiment to give students experience with real-world drug testing and bioinorganic chemistry. The drug L1 is effective at iron removal and is used in many countries to treat iron overload disease by removing iron from transferrin. Thus, our laboratory experiment focuses on loading iron into the transferrin protein and measuring the kinetics of iron removal from the protein using L1. Using UV-vis spectroscopy, the average rate of iron removal from transferrin by L1 was determined to be 1.29 inverse seconds. Testing the ability of a compound to remove iron from transferrin is commonly used to screen potential drugs for the treatment of iron overload disease, and will give students relevant laboratory experience in working with proteins and an understanding of how compounds are evaluated as possible new drugs.